THE ROLE OF BUDGETING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS
(A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL MINISTRY OF WORKS AND HOUSING)
ABSTRACT
It is now a common knowledge that budgeting plays an invaluable role in our public institutions. However, this administrative tool has hardly been used widely by the institutions and as a result the desired transformation or change which budget would have effected in the society has not been achieved. The researcher used both primary and secondary data sources the primary data included the use of questionnaire, observations and interview to mingle with the staff of ministry of works and Housing Enugu whereby certain observations on the study were taken note of.  The researcher used both primary and secondary data sources. The Secondary source of data collection (Literature review) enabled the researcher to read as much materials that have been written on the subject matter as possible. It enabled the research to draw the theoretical frame works research questions etc.  The research design was essentially descriptive to ease the study. Data were presented, analyzed and interpreted using simple percentages.   From the data analyzed, findings were made which included notably that Federal ministry of works and housing Enugu carried out routine or yearly budgeting exercise which where not fully implemented.  Based on the findings recommendations were according made.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION
1.1            Background and Need of the study         
1.2            Statement of the problem                   
1.3            Objective of the study                          
1.4            Research question                                   
1.5            Significance of the study                    
1.6            Scope of the study                                   
1.7            Limitation of the study                         
1.8            Definition of terms and acronyms
References
CHAPTER TWO:
2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW literatue
2.1            Concept and Definition of Budget
2.2            Elements of Budgets           
2.3            Types of Budgets                    
2.4            Techniques and tools for budgeting
2.5            Unfavourable aspects of ppbs          
2.6            PPBS and nigeria experience                
2.7            Zero-Base Budgeting (ZBB)                    
2.8            ADVANTAGE of zbb                                               
2.9            disavantages of zero-base budgeting
reference
CHAPTER THREE
3.0     RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1            Research method and design             
3.2            Sources of Data                                        
3.3            Location of the study                                     
3.4            Data Collection                                        
3.5            Population of study                                
3.6            Sample size and sampling technique        
3.7            Instrumentation                                       
3.8            Validity of Instrument                          
3.9            Reliability of instrument                    
3.10       Instrument Return Rate                       
References
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1            Presentation, Data Analysis and
interpretation                                           
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1            Summary of findings
5.2            Recommendation          
5.3            Conclusion                      
REFERENCE                         
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.0    INTRODUCTION
1.1       BACKGROUND AND NEED FOR THE STUDY
Budget is a financial programme of action designed to guide the future operations of an organization.  Budget is a series of goals with price tags attached; the budget represents a way of thinking about measuring and evaluating public policy. Budge has a great impact on the behaviour of public officer in Nigeria.  Budget is used as a measure of performance of the public institutions.
THE THEME OF THE 2011 BUDGET
Against the backdrop of the economic environment of the last few years, the unique challenge we face as a nation demand that we make a break with the past and begin to chart a new path going forward.
The 2011 appropriation therefore is a budget of fiscal consolidation, inclusive economic growth and employment generation.  The focus of this administration is to establish and strengthen the sound macroeconomic environment that Nigeria needs to ensure the prosperity of your citizens.  Our policies will attract investment, facilitate private sector growth, boost employment generation and ensure wealth creation and other socio-economic development goals under the vision 20:2020 framework.
          This budget proposal is under aimed by four pillars that are drawn from our economic growth strategy.  These are to foster inclusive growth and job creation,; optimize capital spending by rationalizing recurrent expenditure and maximizing government ‘s revenues accelerate the implementation of reforms to enhance the quality and efficiency of public expenditure and re-climate greater prudence in the management of the nation’s financial resources.
 THE FIRST NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN, THE MEDIUM TERM EXPENDITURE FRAMEWORK (MTEF) AND THE 2011 BUDGET
The 2011 budget marks the commencement of the implementation of the first National Implementation Plan (NIP) under the vision 20:2020 economic transformation blue print.  The first NIP focuses on trying the foundation for achieving the vision and contains medium term strategic policy directors and development priorities; implementation strategies and expected deliverables’ and detailed strategies for the federal state and local government as well as the private sector.
          According, the proposal capital budgets of MDAs were harmonized with the visions First NIP during the medium term sector strategies and subsequent Bilateral Discussions. The submissions of MDs have been scrutinized to ensure that no projects that are inconsistent with the first NIP have been admitted into the 2011 budget proposals.
          The estimates of revenue and expenditure continued in this budget proposal are also consistent with the 2011-2012 medium Term Expenditure Framework earlier approval by the Federal Executive council and submitted to this esteemed assembly in compliance with the fiscal responsibility act of 2007.
MEASURES OF CONTROL
While economic growth has been robust, we are mindful of the need to manage fiscal, monetary and other risks in order to maintain macroeconomic stability. The level of unemployment, especially among our youths, is one of our biggest challenges.  According, this administration is accelerating the implementation of strategies measures to enhance the investment environment for the real sector in a way that will foster inclusive growth, as well as to reform public financial management and the financial sector.
          It is government intention, that ordinary citizen should feel the tangible benefits of our economic growth by ensuring that gainful employment increases commensurately with inclusive economic growth and wealth creation.  The time has come to usher in a new era of responsibility in which we act, not only to create jobs, but to also lay a new foundation for Nigeria economic growth.
          According this administration will initiate a new national job creation scheme which we are kick starting with seed funding of N50billion provided for in the 2011 budget.  The scheme interventions are multifaceted, adopting short and medium term strategies to create thousands of new jobs in our urban and rural communities.
          To immediately impact unemployment, a public works programme will commence across the 26 states and the federal capital territory. This programme will involves the engagement of private sector contractors to implement simple, labour intensive public works in areas such as renovation and maintenance of buildings such as school, hospitals and primary healthcare centres, roads rehabilitation and maintenance works, urban sanitation and solid waste disposal erosion control, and communication works projects some of these public works will be funded by condition grants and targeted at sectors critical to our achievement of the millennium development goals.
 1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The 2011 budget is supposed to signal the beginning of fiscal consolidation, but we now have another expansionary budget which is unimplementable. If we are to build our economy on a solid foundations and avoid the boom, and burst of the past, it is critical that we embrace discipline in the way we manage public finances.
          Budget is key to governance and in Nigeria it has been an albatross, as perennially, the country keep experiencing low budget implementation.  On Wednesday, 16 March 2011, both chambers of the National Assembly passed a harmonized budget of N4,971, 881, 652, 689. Out of the sum, N2467, 168, 724, 129 is for recurrent expenditure, N1,562, 999, 158, 775 is for capital expenditure, N445, 096, 682, 115 was earn marked for debt servicing and N496, 617, 087, 670 for statutory transfers.  The budget has oil price benchmark of #75 per barrel, crude oil production of 2.3mllion barrels pre day, exchange rate of N150 to the Dollar, #5.4billion for joint venture production, and seven percent cross domestic product (GDP) target.
          Just like the finance minister, I have issues with Nigeria’s 2011 budget.  It would be recalled that during the budget presentation ceremony, the Senate President David Mark Vowed that the National Assembly (NASS) will slash overheads expenditures for all agencies under three arms of government in order to release more funds to capital project. According to marker “based” on realities of our economic situation and the need to channel, our scarce resources towards nation building, we must drastically cut down the cost of running government vertically and horizontally in the three arms of government as well as the three tiers of our federating unit.  He also observed rightly that the cost of running government has been increasing at an sustainable rate and that we must all rise together and address it.
1.3    OBJETCIVE OF THE STUDY
The research work has been designed to look into the role of budgeting in the management of public institutions in Nigeria and the federal ministry of works and housing as case study.
Other objectives of the study have been discussed as follows:
1.           It seeks to determine whether the ministry carries out budget in the organization..
2.           The research seeks to look into budgeting as a social tool of analyzing the performance of public institutions.
3.           It intends to ascertain how budgeting aids public administrations in achieving the goals of their organization. The research has to consider the extent of commitment by government in the budgeting process of public institutions.
4.           It has to find out the difficulties encountered by public officers in budgeting.
5.            Solution to the identified problem has to be proffered.
1.4       RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions have been drawn as a guide to the study:
a.           Does the ministry of works and housing Enugu prepare budgets for use by the ministry?
b.           Does a frequent change of administrators in the ministry affect the budgeting process?
c.           To what extent does the public influence the budgeting process?
d.           Is budget as an administrative instrument capable of transforming Enugu State?
e.           How does budget impact on the management of ministry of works and housing Enugu?
f.             Does the ministry implement her budgetary allocations in order to meet people’s aspirations?
1.5       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY    
The study has a lot of significance in that it represents a symbol of academic achievement as having contributed to the already record of research in social science in addition the study shall be useful to the colleagues of the researcher and   the entire students in the field of management science as they shall resort to it their various research works on the same topic of study in future.
The research shall be relevant to public administration in general and budget experts in various ministries and departments as it shall assist them in carrying out their budgeting duties
The policy makers shall derive immense benefit from the study as it shall serve as a scientific guide to them.
1.6       SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study covers the ministry of works and housing Enugu.  Members of staff of all cadres of the ministry participated.  In the same way all units or sections of the ministry participated in the study. Descriptive analysis was applied in the study. The study is a survey research.